CHFI Exam Prep

1. Question

When an investigator contacts by telephone the domain administrator or controller listed by a Who is lookup to request all e-mails sent and received for a user account be preserved, what U.S.C. statute authorizes this phone call and obligates the ISP to preserve e-mail records?

Title 18, Section 1030
Title 18, Section 2703(d)
Title 18, Section Chapter 90
Title 18, Section 2703(f)

2. Question

Item 2If you come across a sheepdip machine at your client site, what would you infer?

A sheepdip coordinates several honeypots
A sheepdip computer is another name for a honeypot
A sheepdip computer is used only for virus-checking.
A sheepdip computer defers a denial of service attack

3. Question

In a computer forensics investigation, what describes the route that evidence takes from the time you find it until the case is closed or goes to court?

rules of evidence
law of probability
chain of custody
policy of separation

4. Question

How many characters long is the fixed-length MD5 algorithm checksum of a critical system file?

128
64
32
16

5. Question

You are working on a thesis for your doctorate degree in Computer Science. Your thesis is based on HTML, DHTML, and other web-based languages and how they have evolved over the years. You navigate to archive. org and view the HTML code of news.com. You then navigate to the current news.com website and copy over the source code. While searching through the code, you come across something abnormal: What have you found?

Web bug
CGI code
Trojan.downloader
Blind bug

6. Question

When an investigator contacts by telephone the domain administrator or controller listed by a Who is lookup to request all e-mails sent and received for a user account be preserved, what U.S.C. statute authorizes this phone call and obligates the ISP to preserve e-mail records?

Title 18, Section 1030
Title 18, Section 2703(d)
Title 18, Section Chapter 90
Title 18, Section 2703(f)

7. Question

Item 2If you come across a sheepdip machine at your client site, what would you infer?

A sheepdip coordinates several honeypots
A sheepdip computer is another name for a honeypot
A sheepdip computer is used only for virus-checking.
A sheepdip computer defers a denial of service attack

8. Question

In a computer forensics investigation, what describes the route that evidence takes from the time you find it until the case is closed or goes to court?

rules of evidence
law of probability
chain of custody
policy of separation

9. Question

How many characters long is the fixed-length MD5 algorithm checksum of a critical system file?

128
64
32
16

10. Question

You are working on a thesis for your doctorate degree in Computer Science. Your thesis is based on HTML, DHTML, and other web-based languages and how they have evolved over the years. You navigate to archive. org and view the HTML code of news.com. You th

Web bug
CGI code
Trojan.downloader
Blind bug

11. Question

You are using DriveSpy, a forensic tool and want to copy 150 sectors where the starting sector is 1709 on the primary hard drive. Which of the following formats correctly specifies these sectors?

0:1000, 150
0:1709, 150
1:1709, 150
0:1709-1858

12. Question

The newer Macintosh Operating System is based on:

OS/2
BSD Unix
Linux
Microsoft Windows

13. Question

Before you are called to testify as an expert, what must an attorney do first?

engage in damage control
prove that the tools you used to conduct your examination are perfect
read your curriculum vitae to the jury
qualify you as an expert witness

14. Question

You are contracted to work as a computer forensics investigator for a regional bank that has four 30 TB storage area networks that store customer data. What method would be most efficient for you to acquire digital evidence from this network?

create a compressed copy of the file with DoubleSpace
create a sparse data copy of a folder or file
make a bit-stream disk-to-image file
make a bit-stream disk-to-disk file

15. Question

You are working for a large clothing manufacturer as a computer forensics investigator and are called in to investigate an unusual case of an employee possibly stealing clothing designs from the company and selling them under a different brand name for a different company. What you discover during the course of the investigation is that the clothing designs are actually original products of the employee and the company has no policy against an employee selling his own designs on his own time. The only thing that you can find that the employee is doing wrong is that his clothing design incorporates the same graphic symbol as that of the company with only the wording in the graphic being different. What area of the law is the employee violating?

trademark law
copyright law
printright law
brandmark law

16. Question

What file structure database would you expect to find on floppy disks?

NTFS
FAT32
FAT16
FAT12

17. Question

What type of attack occurs when an attacker can force a router to stop forwarding packets by flooding the router with many open connections simultaneously so that all the hosts behind the router are effectively disabled?

digital attack
denial of service
physical attack
ARP redirect

18. Question

When examining a file with a Hex Editor, what space does the file header occupy?

the last several bytes of the file
the first several bytes of the file
none, file headers are contained in the FAT
one byte at the beginning of the file

19. Question

In the context of file deletion process, which of the following statement holds true?

When files are deleted, the data is overwritten and the cluster marked as available
The longer a disk is in use, the less likely it is that deleted files will be overwritten
While booting, the machine may create temporary files that can delete evidence
Secure delete programs work by completely overwriting the file in one go

20. Question

A suspect is accused of violating the acceptable use of computing resources, as he has visited adult websites and downloaded images. The investigator wants to demonstrate that the suspect did indeed visit these sites. However, the suspect has cleared the search history and emptied the cookie cache. Moreover, he has removed any images he might have downloaded. What can the investigator do to prove the violation?

Image the disk and try to recover deleted files
Seek the help of co-workers who are eye-witnesses
Check the Windows registry for connection data (you may or may not recover)
Approach the websites for evidence

21. Question

A(n) _____________________ is one that’s performed by a computer program rather than the attacker manually performing the steps in the attack sequence.

blackout attack
automated attack
distributed attack
central processing attack

22. Question

The offset in a hexadecimal code is:

The last byte after the colon
The 0x at the beginning of the code
The 0x at the end of the code
The first byte after the colon

23. Question

It takes _____________ mismanaged case/s to ruin your professional reputation as a computer forensics examiner?

by law, three
quite a few
only one
at least two

24. Question

With the standard Linux second extended file system (Ext2fs), a file is deleted when the inode internal link count reaches ________.

0
10
100
1

25. Question

When examining the log files from a Windows IIS Web Server, how often is a new log file created?

the same log is used at all times
a new log file is created everyday
a new log file is created each week
a new log is created each time the Web Server is started

26. Question

Which part of the Windows Registry contains the user’s password file?

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIGURATION
HKEY_USER
HKEY_CURRENT_USER

27. Question

An employee is attempting to wipe out data stored on a couple of compact discs (CDs) and digital video discs (DVDs) by using a large magnet. You inform him that this method will not be effective in wiping out the data because CDs and DVDs are ______________ media used to store large amounts of data and are not affected by the magnet.

logical
anti-magnetic
magnetic
optical

28. Question

Lance wants to place a honeypot on his network. Which of the following would be your recommendations?

Use a system that has a dynamic addressing on the network
Use a system that is not directly interacting with the router
Use it on a system in an external DMZ in front of the firewall
It doesn't matter as all replies are faked

29. Question

What does the acronym POST mean as it relates to a PC?

Primary Operations Short Test
PowerOn Self Test
Pre Operational Situation Test
Primary Operating System Test

30. Question

Which legal document allows law enforcement to search an office, place of business, or other locale for evidence relating to an alleged crime?

bench warrant
wire tap
subpoena
search warrant

31. Question

You are working as an investigator for a corporation and you have just received instructions from your manager to assist in the collection of 15 hard drives that are part of an ongoing investigation. Your job is to complete the required evidence custody forms to properly document each piece of evidence as it is collected by other members of your team. Your manager instructs you to complete one multi-evidence form for the entire case and a single-evidence form for each hard drive. How will these forms be stored to help preserve the chain of custody of the case?

All forms should be placed in an approved secure container because they are now primary evidence in the case.
The multi-evidence form should be placed in the report file and the single-evidence forms should be kept with each hard drive in an approved secure container.
The multi-evidence form should be placed in an approved secure container with the hard drives and the single-evidence forms should be placed in the report file.
All forms should be placed in the report file because they are now primary evidence in the case.

32. Question

The MD5 program is used to:

wipe magnetic media before recycling it
make directories on an evidence disk
view graphics files on an evidence drive
verify that a disk is not altered when you examine it

33. Question

Which is a standard procedure to perform during all computer forensics investigations?

A. with the hard drive removed from the suspect PC, check the date and time in the system's CMOS
B. with the hard drive in the suspect PC, check the date and time in the File Allocation Table
C. with the hard drive removed from the suspect PC, check the date and time in the system's RAM
D. with the hard drive in the suspect PC, check the date and time in the system's CMOS

34. Question

E-mail logs contain which of the following information to help you in your investigation?

user account that was used to send the account
unique message identifier
contents of the e-mail message
ALL OF THE ABOVE

35. Question

In a forensic examination of hard drives for digital evidence, what type of user is most likely to have the most file slack to analyze?

one who has NTFS 4 or 5 partitions
one who uses dynamic swap file capability
one who uses hard disk writes on IRQ 13 and 21
one who has lots of allocation units per block or cluster

36. Question

In what way do the procedures for dealing with evidence in a criminal case differ from the procedures for dealing with evidence in a civil case?

evidence must be handled in the same way regardless of the type of case
evidence procedures are not important unless you work for a law enforcement agency
evidence in a criminal case must be secured more tightly than in a civil case
evidence in a civil case must be secured more tightly than in a criminal case

37. Question

You are assigned to work in the computer forensics lab of a state police agency. While working on a high profile criminal case, you have followed every applicable procedure, however your boss is still concerned that the defense attorney might question whether evidence has been changed while at the lab. What can you do to prove that the evidence is the same as it was when it first entered the lab?

make an MD5 hash of the evidence and compare it with the original MD5 hash that was taken when the evidence first entered the lab
make an MD5 hash of the evidence and compare it to the standard database developed by NIST
there is no reason to worry about this possible claim because state labs are certified
sign a statement attesting that the evidence is the same as it was when it entered the lab

38. Question

Study the log given below and answer the following question: Apr 24 14:46:46 [4663]: spp_portscan: portscan detected from 194.222.156.169
Apr 24 14:46:46 [4663]: IDS27/FIN Scan: 194.222.156.169:56693 -> 172.16.1.107:482
Apr 24 18:01:05 [4663]: IDS/DNS-version-query: 212.244.97.121:3485 -> 172.16.1.107:53
Apr 24 19:04:01 [4663]: IDS213/ftp-passwd-retrieval: 194.222.156.169:1425 -> 172.16.1.107:21
Apr 25 08:02:41 [5875]: spp_portscan: PORTSCAN DETECTED from 24.9.255.53
Apr 25 02:08:07 [5875]: IDS277/DNS-version-query: 63.226.81.13:4499 -> 172.16.1.107:53
Apr 25 02:08:07 [5875]: IDS277/DNS-version-query: 63.226.81.13:4630 -> 172.16.1.101:53
Apr 25 02:38:17 [5875]: IDS/RPC-rpcinfo-query: 212.251.1.94:642 -> 172.16.1.107:111
Apr 25 19:37:32 [5875]: IDS230/web-cgi-space-wildcard: 198.173.35.164:4221 -> 172.16.1.107:80
Apr 26 05:45:12 [6283]: IDS212/dns-zone-transfer: 38.31.107.87:2291 -> 172.16.1.101:53
Apr 26 06:43:05 [6283]: IDS181/nops-x86: 63.226.81.13:1351 -> 172.16.1.107:53
Apr 26 06:44:25 victim7 PAM_pwdb[12509]: (login) session opened for user simple by (uid=0)
Apr 26 06:44:36 victim7 PAM_pwdb[12521]: (su) session opened for user simon by simple(uid=506)
Apr 26 06:45:34 [6283]: IDS175/socks-probe: 24.112.167.35:20 -> 172.16.1.107:1080
Apr 26 06:52:10 [6283]: IDS127/telnet-login-incorrect: 172.16.1.107:23 -> 213.28.22.189:4558
Precautionary measures to prevent this attack would include writing firewall rules. Of these firewall rules, which among the following would be appropriate?

Disallow UDP53 in from outside to DNS server
Allow UDP53 in from DNS server to outside
Disallow TCP53 in from secondaries or ISP server to DNS server
Block all UDP traffic

39. Question

When monitoring for both intrusion and security events between multiple computers, it is essential that the computers’ clocks are synchronized. Synchronized time allows an administrator to reconstruct what took place during an attack against multiple computers. Without synchronized time, it is very difficult to determine exactly when specific events took place, and how events interlace. What is the name of the service used to synchronize time among multiple computers?

Universal Time Set
Network Time Protocol
SyncTime Service
Time-Sync Protocol

40. Question

When investigating a potential e-mail crime, what is your first step in the investigation?

Trace the IP address to its origin
Write a report
Determine whether a crime was actually committed
Recover the evidence

41. Question

If a suspect computer is located in an area that may have toxic chemicals, you must:

coordinate with the HAZMAT team
determine a way to obtain the suspect computer
assume the suspect machine is contaminated
do not enter alone

42. Question

The following excerpt is taken from a honeypot log. The log captures activities across three days.

There are several intrusion attempts; however, a few are successful.
(Note: The objective of this question is to test whether the student can read basic information from log entries and interpret the nature of attack.)
Apr 24 14:46:46 [4663]: spp_portscan: portscan detected from 194.222.156.169
Apr 24 14:46:46 [4663]: IDS27/FIN Scan: 194.222.156.169:56693 -> 172.16.1.107:482
Apr 24 18:01:05 [4663]: IDS/DNS-version-query: 212.244.97.121:3485 -> 172.16.1.107:53
Apr 24 19:04:01 [4663]: IDS213/ftp-passwd-retrieval: 194.222.156.169:1425 -> 172.16.1.107:21
Apr 25 08:02:41 [5875]: spp_portscan: PORTSCAN DETECTED from 24.9.255.53
Apr 25 02:08:07 [5875]: IDS277/DNS-version-query: 63.226.81.13:4499 -> 172.16.1.107:53
Apr 25 02:08:07 [5875]: IDS277/DNS-version-query: 63.226.81.13:4630 -> 172.16.1.101:53
Apr 25 02:38:17 [5875]: IDS/RPC-rpcinfo-query: 212.251.1.94:642 -> 172.16.1.107:111
Apr 25 19:37:32 [5875]: IDS230/web-cgi-space-wildcard: 198.173.35.164:4221 -> 172.16.1.107:80
Apr 26 05:45:12 [6283]: IDS212/dns-zone-transfer: 38.31.107.87:2291 -> 172.16.1.101:53
Apr 26 06:43:05 [6283]: IDS181/nops-x86: 63.226.81.13:1351 -> 172.16.1.107:53
Apr 26 06:44:25 victim7 PAM_pwdb[12509]: (login) session opened for user simple by (uid=0)
Apr 26 06:44:36 victim7 PAM_pwdb[12521]: (su) session opened for user simon by simple(uid=506)
Apr 26 06:45:34 [6283]: IDS175/socks-probe: 24.112.167.35:20 -> 172.16.1.107:1080
Apr 26 06:52:10 [6283]: IDS127/telnet-login-incorrect: 172.16.1.107:23 -> 213.28.22.189:4558
From the options given below choose the one which best interprets the following entry:
Apr 26 06:43:05 [6283]: IDS181/nops-x86: 63.226.81.13:1351 -> 172.16.1.107:53

An IDS evasion technique
A buffer overflow attempt
A DNS zone transfer
Data being retrieved from 63.226.81.13

43. Question

What happens when a file is deleted by a Microsoft operating system using the FAT file system?

only the reference to the file is removed from the FAT
the file is erased and cannot be recovered
a copy of the file is stored and the original file is erased
the file is erased but can be recovered

44. Question

What term is used to describe a cryptographic technique for embedding information into something else for the sole purpose of hiding that information from the casual observer?

rootkit
key escrow
steganography
Offset

45. Question

During the course of an investigation, you locate evidence that may prove the innocence of the suspect of the investigation. You must maintain an unbiased opinion and be objective in your entire fact finding process. Therefore, you report this evidence. This type of evidence is known as:

Inculpatory evidence
Mandatory evidence
Exculpatory evidence
Terrible evidence

46. Question

If you discover a criminal act while investigating a corporate policy abuse, it becomes a publicsector investigation and should be referred to law enforcement?

true
false

47. Question

What binary coding is used most often for e-mail purposes?

MIME
Uuencode
IMAP
SMTP

48. Question

If you see the files Zer0.tar.gz and copy.tar.gz on a Linux system while doing an investigation, what can you conclude?

The system files have been copied by a remote attacker
The system administrator has created an incremental backup
The system has been compromised using a t0rnrootkit
Nothing in particular as these can be operational files

49. Question

If you plan to startup a suspect’s computer, you must modify the ___________ to ensure that you do not contaminate or alter data on the suspect’s hard drive by booting to the hard drive.

deltree command
CMOS
Boot.sys
Scandisk utility

50. Question

You are working for a local police department that services a population of 1,000,000 people and you have been given the task of building a computer forensics lab. How many law-enforcement computer investigators should you request to staff the lab?

8
1
4
2

51. Question

When obtaining a warrant, it is important to:

particularlydescribe the place to be searched and particularly describe the items to be seized
generallydescribe the place to be searched and particularly describe the items to be seized
generallydescribe the place to be searched and generally describe the items to be seized
particularlydescribe the place to be searched and generally describe the items to be seized

52. Question

What does the superblock in Linux define?

filesynames
diskgeometr
location of the firstinode
available space

53. Question

Diskcopy is:

a utility by AccessData
a standard MS-DOS command
Digital Intelligence utility
dd copying tool

54. Question

Sectors in hard disks typically contain how many bytes?

256
512
1024
2048

55. Question

Area density refers to:

the amount of data per disk
the amount of data per partition
the amount of data per square inch
the amount of data per platter

56. Question

Which of the following should a computer forensics lab used for investigations have?

isolation
restricted access
open access
an entry log

57. Question

Jason is the security administrator of ACMA metal Corporation. One day he notices the company’s Oracle database server has been compromised and the customer information along with financial data has been stolen. The financial loss will be in millions of dollars if the database gets into the hands of the competitors. Jason wants to report this crime to the law enforcement agencies immediately. Which organization coordinates computer crimes investigations throughout the United States?

Internet Fraud Complaint Center
Local or national office of the U.S. Secret Service
National Infrastructure Protection Center
CERT Coordination Center

58. Question

You should make at least how many bit-stream copies of a suspect drive?

1
2
3
4

59. Question

Why should you note all cable connections for a computer you want to seize as evidence?

to know what outside connections existed
in case other devices were connected
to know what peripheral devices exist
to know what hardware existed

60. Question

What header field in the TCP/IP protocol stack involves the hacker exploit known as the Ping of Death?

ICMP header field
TCP header field
IP header field
UDP header field

61. Question

What method of computer forensics will allow you to trace all ever-established user accounts on a Windows 2000 sever the course of its lifetime?

forensic duplication of hard drive
analysis of volatile data
comparison of MD5 checksums
review of SIDs in the Registry

62. Question

Which response organization tracks hoaxes as well as viruses?

NIPC
FEDCIRC
CERT
CIAC

63. Question

Which federal computer crime law specifically refers to fraud and related activity in connection with access devices like routers?

18 U.S.C. 1029
18 U.S.C. 1362
18 U.S.C. 2511
18 U.S.C. 2703

64. Question

Office documents (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) contain a code that allows tracking the MAC, or unique identifier, of the machine that created the document. What is that code called?

the Microsoft Virtual Machine Identifier
the Personal Application Protocol
the Globally Unique ID
the Individual ASCII String

65. Question

What TCP/UDP port does the toolkit program netstat use?

Port 7
Port 15
Port 23
Port 69

66. Question

Under which Federal Statutes does FBI investigate for computer crimes involving e-mail scams and mail fraud?

18 U.S.C. 1029 Possession of Access Devices
18 U.S.C. 1030 Fraud and related activity in connection with computers
18 U.S.C. 1343 Fraud by wire, radio or television
18 U.S.C. 1361 Injury to Government Property

67. Question

In a FAT32 system, a 123 KB file will use how many sectors?

34
25
11
56

68. Question

You have been asked to investigate the possibility of computer fraud in the finance department of a company. It is suspected that a staff member has been committing finance fraud by printing cheques that have not been authorized. You have exhaustively searched all data files on a bitmap image of the target computer, but have found no evidence. You suspect the files may not have been saved. What should you examine next in this case?

The registry
The swap file
The recycle bin
The metadata

69. Question

When performing a forensics analysis, what device is used to prevent the system from recording data on an evidence disk?

a write-blocker
a protocol analyzer
a firewall
a disk editor

70. Question

How many sectors will a 125 KB file use in a FAT32 file system?

32
16
256
25

71. Question

You are called by an author who is writing a book and he wants to know how long the copyright for his book will last after he has the book published?

70 years
the life of the author
the life of the author plus 70 years
copyrights last forever

72. Question

When investigating a network that uses DHCP to assign IP addresses, where would you look to determine which system (MAC address) had a specific IP address at a specific time?

on the individual computer's ARP cache
in the Web Server log files
in the DHCP Server log files
there is no way to determine the specific IP address

73. Question

Bob has been trying to penetrate a remote production system for the past two weeks. This time however, he is able to get into the system. He was able to use the System for a period of three weeks. However, law enforcement agencies were recoding his every activity and this was later presented as evidence. The organization had used a Virtual Environment to trap Bob. What is a Virtual Environment?

A Honeypot that traps hackers
A system Using Trojaned commands
An environment set up after the user logs in
An environment set up before a user logs in

74. Question

To make sure the evidence you recover and analyze with computer forensics software can be admitted in court, you must test and validate the software. What group is actively providing tools and creating procedures for testing and validating computer forensics software?

Computer Forensics Tools and Validation Committee (CFTVC)
Association of Computer Forensics Software Manufactures (ACFSM)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Society for Valid Forensics Tools and Testing (SVFTT)

75. Question

With Regard to using an Antivirus scanner during a computer forensics investigation, You should:

Scan the suspect hard drive before beginning an investigation
Never run a scan on your forensics workstation because it could change your systems configuration
Scan your forensics workstation at intervals of no more than once every five minutes during an investigation
Scan your Forensics workstation before beginning an investigation

76. Question

Windows identifies which application to open a file with by examining which of the following?

The File extension
The file attributes
The file Signature at the end of the file
The file signature at the beginning of the file

77. Question

You have used a newly released forensic investigation tool, which doesn’t meet the Daubert Test, during a case. The case has ended-up in court. What argument could the defense make to weaken your case?

The tool hasn't been tested by the International Standards Organization (ISO)
Only the local law enforcement should use the tool
The total has not been reviewed and accepted by your peers
You are not certified for using the tool

78. Question

Which of the following is NOT a graphics file?

Picture1.tga
Picture2.bmp
Picture3.nfo
Picture4.psd

79. Question

When conducting computer forensic analysis, you must guard against ______________ So that you remain focused on the primary job and insure that the level of work does not increase beyond what was originally expected.

Hard Drive Failure
Scope Creep
Unauthorized expenses
Overzealous marketing

80. Question

In General, __________________ Involves the investigation of data that can be retrieved from the hard disk or other disks of a computer by applying scientific methods to retrieve the data.

Network Forensics
Data Recovery
Disaster Recovery
Computer Forensics

81. Question

When you carve an image, recovering the image depends on which of the following skills?

Recognizing the pattern of the header content
Recovering the image from a tape backup
Recognizing the pattern of a corrupt file
Recovering the image from the tape backup

82. Question

When a file is deleted by Windows Explorer or through the MS-DOS delete command, the operating system inserts _______________ in the first letter position of the filename in the FAT database.

A Capital X
A Blank Space
The Underscore Symbol
The lowercase Greek Letter Sigma (s)

83. Question

While working for a prosecutor, what do you think you should do if the evidence you found appears to be exculpatory and is not being released to the defense?

Keep the information of file for later review
Destroy the evidence
Bring the information to the attention of the prosecutor, his or her supervisor or finally to the judge
Present the evidence to the defense attorney

84. Question

In Microsoft file structures, sectors are grouped together to form:

Clusters
Drives
Bitstreams
Partitions

85. Question

What type of file is represented by a colon (:) with a name following it in the Master File Table of NTFS disk?

A compressed file
A Data stream file
An encrypted file
A reserved file

86. Question

An Employee is suspected of stealing proprietary information belonging to your company that he had no rights to possess. The information was stored on the Employees Computer that was protected with the NTFS Encrypted File System (EFS) and you had observed him copy the files to a floppy disk just before leaving work for the weekend. You detain the Employee before he leaves the building and recover the floppy disks and secure his computer. Will you be able to break the encryption so that you can verify that that the employee was in possession of the proprietary information?

EFS uses a 128-bit key that can't be cracked, so you will not be able to recover the information
When the encrypted file was copied to the floppy disk, it was automatically unencrypted, so you can recover the information.
The EFS Revoked Key Agent can be used on the Computer to recover the information
When the Encrypted file was copied to the floppy disk, the EFS private key was also copied to the floppy disk, so you can recover the information.

87. Question

When examining a hard disk without a write-blocker, you should not start windows because Windows will write data to the:

Recycle Bin
MSDOS.sys
BIOS
Case files

88. Question

You are called in to assist the police in an investigation involving a suspected drug dealer. The suspects house was searched by the police after a warrant was obtained and they located a floppy disk in the suspects bedroom. The disk contains several files, but they appear to be password protected. What are two common methods used by password cracking software that you can use to obtain the password?

Limited force and library attack
Brute Force and dictionary Attack
Maximum force and thesaurus Attack
Minimum force and appendix Attack

89. Question

When reviewing web logs, you see an entry for resource not found in the HTTP status code filed. What is the actual error code that you would see in the log for resource not found?

202
404
505
909

90. Question

Volatile Memory is one of the leading problems for forensics. Worms such as code Red are memory resident and do write themselves to the hard drive, if you turn the system off they disappear. In a lab environment, which of the following options would you suggest as the most appropriate to overcome the problem of capturing volatile memory?

Use VMware to be able to capture the data in memory and examine it
Give the Operating System a minimal amount of memory, forcing it to use a swap file
Create a Separate partition of several hundred megabytes and place the swap file there
Use intrusion forensic techniques to study memory resident infections

91. Question

You are working in the security Department of law firm. One of the attorneys asks you about the topic of sending fake email because he has a client who has been charged with doing just that. His client alleges that he is innocent and that there is no way for a fake email to actually be sent. You inform the attorney that his client is mistaken and that fake email is possibility and that you can prove it. You return to your desk and craft a fake email to the attorney that appears to come from his boss. What port do you send the email to on the company SMTP server?

10
25
110
135

92. Question

This is original file structure database that Microsoft originally designed for floppy disks. It is written to the outermost track of a disk and contains information about each file stored on the drive.

Master Boot Record (MBR)
Master File Table (MFT)
File Allocation Table (FAT)
Disk Operating System (DOS)

93. Question

What should you do when approached by a reporter about a case that you are working on or have worked on?

Refer the reporter to the attorney that retained you
Say, "no comment"
Answer all the reporter's questions as completely as possible
Answer only the questions that help your case

94. Question

Which of the following refers to the data that might still exist in a cluster even though the original file has been overwritten by another file?

Sector
Metadata
MFT
Slack Space

95. Question

A state department site was recently attacked and all the servers had their disks erased. The incident response team sealed the area and commenced investigation. During evidence collection they came across a zip disks that did not have the standard labeling on it. The incident team ran the disk on an isolated system and found that the system disk was accidentally erased. They decided to call in the FBI for further investigation. Meanwhile, they short listed possible suspects including three summer interns. Where did the incident team go wrong?

They examined the actual evidence on an unrelated system
They attempted to implicate personnel without proof
They tampered with evidence by using it
They called in the FBI without correlating with the fingerprint data

96. Question

When investigating a Windows System, it is important to view the contents of the page or swap file because:

Windows stores all of the systems configuration information in this file
This is file that windows use to communicate directly with Registry
A Large volume of data can exist within the swap file of which the computer user has no knowledge
This is the file that windows use to store the history of the last 100 commands that were run from the command line

97. Question

Chris has been called upon to investigate a hacking incident reported by one of his clients. The company suspects the involvement of an insider accomplice in the attack. Upon reaching the incident scene, Chris secures the physical area, records the scene using visual media. He shuts the system down by pulling the power plug so that he does not disturb the system in any way. He labels all cables and connectors prior to disconnecting any. What do you think would be the next sequence of events?

Connect the target media; prepare the system for acquisition; Secure the evidence; Copy the media
Prepare the system for acquisition; Connect the target media; copy the media; Secure the evidence
Connect the target media; Prepare the system for acquisition; Secure the evidence; Copy the media
Secure the evidence; prepare the system for acquisition; Connect the target media; copy the media

98. Question

The use of warning banners helps a company avoid litigation by overcoming an employee assumed __________________________. When connecting to the company’s intranet, network or Virtual Private Network(VPN) and will allow the company’s investigators to monitor, search and retrieve information stored within the network.

Right to work
Right of free speech
Right to Internet Access
Right of Privacy

99. Question

What does mactime, an essential part of the coroner’s toolkit do?

It traverses the file system and produces a listing of all files based on the modification, access and change timestamps
It can recover deleted file space and search it for data. However, it does not allow the investigator to preview them
The tools scans for i-node information, which is used by other tools in the tool kit
It is too specific to the MAC OS and forms a core component of the toolkit

100. Question

One way to identify the presence of hidden partitions on a suspect’s hard drive is to:

Add up the total size of all known partitions and compare it to the total size of the hard drive
Examine the FAT and identify hidden partitions by noting an H in the partition Type field
Examine the LILO and note an H in the partition Type field
It is not possible to have hidden partitions on a hard drive

101. Question

What information do you need to recover when searching a victim’s computer for a crime committed with specific e-mail message?

Internet service provider information
E-mail header
Username and password
Firewall log

102. Question

Melanie was newly assigned to an investigation and asked to make a copy of all the evidence from the compromised system. Melanie did a DOS copy of all the files on the system. What would be the primary reason for you to recommend a disk imaging tool?

A disk imaging tool would check for CRC32s for internal self-checking and validation and have MD5 checksum
Evidence file format will contain case data entered by the examiner and encrypted at the beginning of the evidence file
A simple DOS copy will not include deleted files, file slack and other information
There is no case for an imaging tool as it will use a closed, proprietary format that if compared to the original will not match up sector for sector

103. Question

You are employed directly by an attorney to help investigate an alleged sexual harassment case at a large pharmaceutical manufacture. While at the corporate office of the company, the CEO demands to know the status of the investigation. What prevents you from discussing the case with the CEO?

the attorney-work-product rule
Good manners
Trade secrets
ISO 17799

104. Question

One technique for hiding information is to change the file extension from the correct one to one that might not be noticed by an investigator. For example, [1] extension?

the File Allocation Table
the file header
the file footer
the sector map

105. Question

This organization maintains a database of hash signatures for known software.

International Standards Organization
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
National Software Reference Library
American National standards Institute

106. Question

The ____________________ refers to handing over the results of private investigations to the authorities because of indications of criminal activity.

Locard Exchange Principle
Clark Standard
Kelly Policy
Silver-Platter Doctrine

107. Question

You are working as Computer Forensics investigator and are called by the owner of an accounting firm to investigate possible computer abuse by one of the firm’s employees. You meet with the owner of the firm and discover that the company has never published a policy stating that they reserve the right to inspect their computing assets at will. What do you do?

Inform the owner that conducting an investigation without a policy is not a problem because the company is privately owned
Inform the owner that conducting an investigation without a policy is a violation of the 4th amendment
Inform the owner that conducting an investigation without a policy is a violation of the employee's expectation of privacy
Inform the owner that conducting an investigation without a policy is not a problem because a policy is only necessary for government agencies

108. Question

During the course of a corporate investigation, you find that an Employee is committing a crime. Can the Employer file a criminal complaint with Police?

Yes, and all evidence can be turned over to the police
Yes, but only if you turn the evidence over to a federal law enforcement agency
No, because the investigation was conducted without following standard police procedures
No, because the investigation was conducted without warrant

109. Question

____________________ is simply the application of Computer Investigation and analysis techniques in the interests of determining potential legal evidence.

Network Forensics
Computer Forensics
Incident Response
Event Reaction

110. Question

What is the name of the Standard Linux Command that is also available as windows application that can be used to create bit-stream images?

mcopy
image
MD5
dd

111. Question

To preserve digital evidence, an investigator should ____________________.

Make two copies of each evidence item using a single imaging tool
Make a single copy of each evidence item using an approved imaging tool
Make two copies of each evidence item using different imaging tools
Only store the original evidence item

112. Question

Profiling is a forensics technique for analyzing evidence with the goal of identifying the perpetrator from their various activity. After a computer has been compromised by a hacker, which of the following would be most important in forming a profile of the incident?

The manufacturer of the system compromised
The logic, formatting and elegance of the code used in the attack
The nature of the attack
The vulnerability exploited in the incident

113. Question

Printing under a Windows Computer normally requires which one of the following files types to be created?

EME
MEM
EMF
CME

114. Question

An Expert witness give an opinion if:

The Opinion, inferences or conclusions depend on special knowledge, skill or training not within the ordinary experience of lay jurors
To define the issues of the case for determination by the finder of fact
To stimulate discussion between the consulting expert and the expert witness
To deter the witness form expanding the scope of his or her investigation beyond the requirements of the case

115. Question

When using Windows acquisitions tools to acquire digital evidence, it is important to use a well-tested hardware write-blocking device to:

Automate Collection from image files
Avoiding copying data from the boot partition
Acquire data from host-protected area on a disk
Prevent Contamination to the evidence drive

116. Question

Office Documents (Word, Excel and PowerPoint) contain a code that allows tracking the MAC or unique identifier of the machine that created the document. What is that code called?

Globally unique ID
Microsoft Virtual Machine Identifier
Personal Application Protocol
Individual ASCII string

117. Question

You have completed a forensic investigation case. You would like to destroy the data contained in various disks at the forensics lab due to sensitivity of the case. How would you permanently erase the data on the hard disk?

Throw the hard disk into the fire
Run the powerful magnets over the hard disk
Format the hard disk multiple times using a low level disk utility
Overwrite the contents of the hard disk with Junk data

118. Question

You have been asked to investigate after a user has reported a threatening e-mail they have received from an external source. Which of the following are you most interested in when trying to trace the source of the message?

The X509 Address
The SMTP reply Address
The E-mail Header
The Host Domain Name

119. Question

You are working as a Computer forensics investigator for a corporation on a computer abuse case. You discover evidence that shows the subject of your investigation is also embezzling money from the company. The company CEO and the corporate legal counsel advise you to contact law enforcement and provide them with the evidence that you have found. The law enforcement officer that responds requests that you put a network sniffer on your network and monitor all traffic to the subject’s computer. You inform the officer that you will not be able to comply with that request because doing so would:

Violate your contract
Cause network congestion
Make you an agent of law enforcement
Write information to the subject's hard drive

120. Question

A law enforcement officer may only search for and seize criminal evidence with _______________________, which are facts or circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe a crime has been committed or is about to be committed, evidence of the specific crime exists and the evidence of the specific crime exists at the place to be searched.

Mere Suspicion
A preponderance of the evidence
Probable cause
Beyond a reasonable doubt

121. Question

The police believe that Melvin Matthew has been obtaining unauthorized access to computers belonging to numerous computer software and computer operating systems manufacturers, cellular telephone manufacturers, Internet Service Providers and Educational Institutions. They also suspect that he has been stealing, copying and misappropriating proprietary computer software belonging to the several victim companies. What is preventing the police from breaking down the suspects door and searching his home and seizing all of his computer equipment if they have not yet obtained a warrant?

The Fourth Amendment
The USA patriot Act
The Good Samaritan Laws
The Federal Rules of Evidence

122. Question

When cataloging digital evidence, the primary goal is to

Make bit-stream images of all hard drives
Preserve evidence integrity
Not remove the evidence from the scene
Not allow the computer to be turned off

123. Question

You are conducting an investigation of fraudulent claims in an insurance company that involves complex text searches through large numbers of documents. Which of the following tools would allow you to quickly and efficiently search for a string within a file on the bitmap image of the target computer?

Stringsearch
grep
dir
vim

124. Question

As a CHFI professional, which of the following is the most important to your professional reputation?

Your Certifications
The correct, successful management of each and every case
The free that you charge
The friendship of local law enforcement officers

125. Question

In conducting a computer abuse investigation you become aware that the suspect of the investigation is using ABC Company as his Internet Service Provider (ISP). You contact ISP and request that they provide you assistance with your investigation. What assistance can the ISP provide?

The ISP can investigate anyone using their service and can provide you with assistance
The ISP can investigate computer abuse committed by their employees, but must preserve the privacy of their customers and therefore cannot assist you without a warrant
The ISP can't conduct any type of investigations on anyone and therefore can't assist you
ISP's never maintain log files so they would be of no use to your investigation

126. Question

You are assisting in the investigation of a possible Web Server Hack. The company who called you stated that customers reported to them that whenever they entered the web address of the company in their browser, what they received was a porno graphic web site. The company checked the web server and nothing appears wrong. When you type in the IP address of the web site in your browser everything appears normal. What is the name of the attack that affects the DNS cache of the name resolution servers, resulting in those servers directing users to the wrong web site?

ARP Poisoning
DNS Poisoning
HTTP redirect attack
IP Spoofing

127. Question

You are working as an independent computer forensics investigator and receive a call from a systems administrator for a local school system requesting your assistance. One of the students at the local high school is suspected of downloading inappropriate images from the Internet to a PC in the Computer lab. When you arrive at the school, the systems administrator hands you a hard drive and tells you that he made a simple backup copy of the hard drive in the PC and put it on this drive and requests that you examine that drive for evidence of the suspected images. You inform him that a simple backup copy will not provide deleted files or recover file fragments. What type of copy do you need to make to ensure that the evidence found is complete and admissible in future proceedings?

Bit-stream Copy
Robust Copy
Full backup Copy
Incremental Backup Copy

128. Question

Law enforcement officers are conducting a legal search for which a valid warrant was obtained. While conducting the search, officers observe an item of evidence for an unrelated crime that was not included in the warrant. The item was clearly visible to the officers and immediately identified as evidence. What is the term used to describe how this evidence is admissible?

Plain view doctrine
Corpus delicti
Locard Exchange Principle
Ex Parte Order

129. Question

Microsoft Outlook maintains email messages in a proprietary format in what type of file?

.email
.mail
.pst
.doc

130. Question

The efforts to obtain information before a trail by demanding documents, depositions, questioned and answers written under oath, written requests for admissions of fact and examination of the scene is a description of what legal term?

Detection
Hearsay
Spoliation
Discovery

131. Question

The rule of thumb when shutting down a system is to pull the power plug. However, it has certain drawbacks. Which of the following would that be?

Any data not yet flushed to the system will be lost
All running processes will be lost
The /tmp directory will be flushed
Power interruption will corrupt the pagefile

132. Question

You are a computer forensics investigator working with local police department and you are called to assist in an investigation of threatening emails. The complainant has printer out 27 email messages from the suspect and gives the printouts to you. You inform her that you will need to examine her computer because you need access to the _________________________ in order to track the emails back to the suspect.

Routing Table
Firewall log
Configuration files
Email Header

133. Question

Hackers can gain access to Windows Registry and manipulate user passwords, DNS settings, access rights or others features that they may need in order to accomplish their objectives. One simple method for loading an application at startup is to add an entry (Key) to the following Registry Hive:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\hardware\windows\start
HKEY_LOCAL_USERS\Software\Microsoft\old\Version\Load
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Microsoft\Default
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\CurrentVersion\Run

134. Question

Which of the following file system is used by Mac OS X?

EFS
HFS+
EXT2
NFS

135. Question

When you are running a vulnerability scan on a network and the IDS cuts off your connection, what type of IDS is being used?

Passive IDS
Active IDS
Progressive IDS
NIPS

136. Question

Simon is a former employee of Trinitron XML Inc. He feels he was wrongly terminated and wants to hack into his former company’s network. Since Simon remembers some of the server names, he attempts to run the axfr and ixfr commands using DIG. What is Simon trying to accomplish here?

Send DOS commands to crash the DNS servers
Perform DNS poisoning
Perform a zone transfer
Enumerate all the users in the domain

137. Question

What will the following command produce on a website login page? SELECT email, passwd, login_id, full_name FROM members WHERE email = ‘someone@somehwere.com’; DROP TABLE members; –‘

Deletes the entire members table
Inserts the Error! Reference source not found.email address into the members table
Retrieves the password for the first user in the members table
This command will not produce anything since the syntax is incorrect

138. Question

139. You setup SNMP in multiple offices of your company. Your SNMP software manager is not receiving data from other offices like it is for your main office. You suspect that firewall changes are to blame. What ports should you open for SNMP to work through Firewalls?

162
166
163
160

139. Question

You are carrying out the last round of testing for your new website before it goes live. The website has many dynamic pages and connects to a SQL backend that accesses your product inventory in a database. You come across a web security site that recommends inputting the following code into a search field on web pages to check for vulnerabilities: When you type this and click on search, you receive a pop-up window that says: “This is a test.” What is the result of this test?

Your website is vulnerable to CSS
Your website is not vulnerable
Your website is vulnerable to SQL injection
Your website is vulnerable to web bugs

140. Question

If an attacker’s computer sends an IPID of 31400 to a zombie computer on an open port in IDLE scanning, what will be the response?

The zombie will not send a response
31402
31399
31401

141. Question

Michael works for Kimball Construction Company as senior security analyst. As part of yearly security audit, Michael scans his network for vulnerabilities. Using Nmap, Michael conducts XMAS scan and most of the ports scanned do not give a response. In what state are these ports?

Closed
Open
Stealth
Filtered

142. Question

You are assisting a Department of Defense contract company to become compliant with the stringent security policies set by the DoD. One such strict rule is that firewalls must only allow incoming connections that were first initiated by internal computers. What type of firewall must you implement to abide by this policy?

Packet filtering firewall
Circuit-level proxy firewall
Application-level proxy firewall
Stateful firewall

143. Question

Jessica works as systems administrator for a large electronics firm. She wants to scan her network quickly to detect live hosts by using ICMP ECHO Requests. What type of scan is Jessica going to perform?

Tracert
Smurf scan
Ping trace
ICMP ping sweep

144. Question

You work as an IT security auditor hired by a law firm in Boston to test whether you can gain access to sensitive information about the company clients. You have rummaged through their trash and found very little information. You do not want to set off any alarms on their network, so you plan on performing passive foot printing against their Web servers. What tool should you use?

Ping sweep
Nmap
Netcraft
Dig

145. Question

You are a security analyst performing a penetration tests for a company in the Midwest. After some initial reconnaissance, you discover the IP addresses of some Cisco routers used by the company. You type in the following URL that includes the IP address of one of the routers: http://172.168.4.131/level/99/exec/show/config After typing in this URL, you are presented with the entire configuration file for that router. What have you discovered?

HTTP Configuration Arbitrary Administrative Access Vulnerability
HTML Configuration Arbitrary Administrative Access Vulnerability
Cisco IOS Arbitrary Administrative Access Online Vulnerability
URL Obfuscation Arbitrary Administrative Access Vulnerability

146. Question

What is the following command trying to accomplish?

Verify that UDP port 445 is open for the 192.168.0.0 network
Verify that TCP port 445 is open for the 192.168.0.0 network
Verify that NETBIOS is running for the 192.168.0.0 network
Verify that UDP port 445 is closed for the 192.168.0.0 network

147. Question

148. You are the network administrator for a small bank in Dallas, Texas. To ensure network security, you enact a security policy that requires all users to have 14 character passwords. After giving your users 2 weeks notice, you change the Group Policy to force 14 character passwords. A week later you dump the SAM database from the standalone server and run a password-cracking tool against it. Over 99% of the passwords are broken within an hour. Why were these passwords cracked so Quickly?

Passwords of 14 characters or less are broken up into two 7-character hashes
A password Group Policy change takes at least 3 weeks to completely replicate throughout a network
Networks using Active Directory never use SAM databases so the SAM database pulled was empty
The passwords that were cracked are local accounts on the Domain Controller

148. Question

An “idle” system is also referred to as what?

PC not connected to the Internet
Zombie
PC not being used
Bot

149. Question

Larry is an IT consultant who works for corporations and government agencies. Larry plans on shutting down the city’s network using BGP devices and zombies? What type of Penetration Testing is Larry planning to carry out?

Router Penetration Testing
DoS Penetration Testing
Firewall Penetration Testing
Internal Penetration Testing

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